Topographic LiDAR
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), is a remote sensing method using pulses of light to measure distances. Based on the time the reflected light is received by the sensor we are able to calculate the distance travelled by that pulse and create elevation models from the data.
Based on characteristics of the reflected light, as well as shapes created in the models, we are able to classify individual points as different types, e.g. Ground, High Vegetation (trees) or Buildings.
At KBM we have been collecting and processing LiDAR data since 2004. We have collected across Canada, in the US, and internationally. Common uses of LiDAR include utility mapping, floodplain mapping, mining and forestry modeling.
Elevation Modeling
After LiDAR data has been classified, it is possible to derive a range of elevation models by interpolating between the LiDAR points. The most common models include: Bare Earth Elevation Models, Digital Surface Models and Hillshades. These visual models are more useful than the raw LiDAR because they are a full surface instead of a collection of points. Further model derivatives are possible, including Canopy Height Model, Hydro-Flattened Elevation Models and Clearance Models.
Bare Earth Elevation Models
Bare Earth Models, also known as Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), show exclusively surfaces modeled as ground, stripped of vegetation and buildings.
Digital Surface Models
Digital Surface Models (DSMs) show everything collected as one, showing the “top” of all collected features including, buildings and vegetation.
Hillshade
A hillshade is a more intuitive way of displaying elevation data, adding a false sun to the elevation model to cast shadows and display the changes in topography.
Vegetation Analysis
Overgrown vegetation can be a significant threat for utility lines. We have developed detailed LiDAR and GIS workflows to identify vegetation that could become a threat to the utility line or workers safety. KBM can deliver various vegetation modeling layers and vegetation summary reports to assist with the management and safety of utility lines.
PLS-CADD
We provide PLS-CADD packages for power line management. These include LiDAR derived terrain data, design specifications of the towers and conductors, electrical characteristics, and structure details. These packages assist engineers in simulating various environmental factors impacting structural integrity and reliability of powerlines as well as ensuring compliance with industry standards and regulations.